The ancient historian Herodotus is often referred to as the first anthropologist, and it is certainly true that Herodotus' accounts of the beliefs and practices of the 'Greeks' and their neighbours exhibit many of the features of ethnographic enquiry. The classical civilisations have also made significant contributions to 'Western' academic traditions, and many anthropologists, especially early armchair theorists such as J. G. Frazer, were trained in Classics. Consequently there is real synergy between anthropology and ancient history, and students who take this combination find that anthropological theory can shed light on many historical 'problems' (such as the position of women, slaves and other 'muted groups'), while such a deep historical perspective can bring many contemporary issues clearly into focus.

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