Geology is the scientific study of the materials and resources that make up the Earth; the internal dynamic processes that move continents, build mountains and cause earthquakes; the surface processes that sculpt the landscape, shape river valleys, erode coastlines, and drive ocean circulation; the natural hazards posed by geologic processes; and the history of the Earth, its changing climate, and life on Earth. Geologists work for universities, government agencies and private firms studying energy and mineral resources, groundwater and surface water resources and threats to water resources, hazards from earthquakes, volcanoes, landslides, river and coastal flooding, Earth’s climate history, and the effects of climate change.

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